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Viral anterior uveitis
Fabrizio Gozzi1, Pietro Gentile2, Luca De Simone1, Elena Bolletta1, Federica Alessandrello3, Lucia Belloni4, Martina Bonacini4, Stefania Croci4, Alessandro Zerbini4, Luca Cimino5
1 Department of Surgery, Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
2 Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
4 Department of Surgery, Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
5 Department of Surgery, Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia; Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Correspondence Address:
Luca Cimino
Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Surgery, Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia
Italy
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_80_22
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Anterior uveitis has various causes, but the majority of cases are viral induced. The most common viral anterior uveitis etiology includes double-stranded DNA viruses of the Herpesviridae family, including Alpha herpes virinae (herpes simplex 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus), Beta herpesvirinae (cytomegalovirus), and less frequently, Gamma herpesvirinae (Epstein-Barr virus). In the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has correlated Fuchs uveitis etiology to the rubella virus from the Matonaviridae family, which has a single-stranded RNA genome. The clinical presentation of each of these uveitis is hypertensive granulomatous anterior uveitis; however, the very slight differences between them, which often overlap, make differential diagnosis sometimes difficult. Therefore, diagnostic laboratory tests such as polymerase chain reaction and antibody index or Goldmann-Witmer coefficient analyses on the aqueous humor help to identify the etiology in doubtful cases and thus to plan targeted treatment.
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